The earliest bit of translation theory may be a phrase attributed to Confucius in the Guliang Zhuan: "names should follow their bearers, while things should follow China" (名從主人,物從中國). Confucius tells the ruler to focus on governance and let the translators handle translation. Confucius advises a ruler who wishes to learn foreign languages not to bother. (王) Ī Western Han work attributes a dialogue about translation to Confucius. To make what was in their minds apprehended, and to communicate their likings and desires, (there were officers), - in the east, called transmitters in the south, representationists in the west, Tî-tîs and in the north, interpreters. In those five regions, the languages of the people were not mutually intelligible, and their likings and desires were different. The Classic of Rites records four regional words: ji 寄 "send entrust rely on" for Dongyi 東夷 "Eastern Yi-barbarians", xiang 象 "be like resemble image" for Nanman 南蠻 "Southern Man-barbarians", didi 狄 鞮 "Di-barbarian boots" for Xirong 西戎 "Western Rong-barbarians", and yi 譯 "translate interpret" for Beidi 北狄 "Northern Di-barbarians". The Chinese classics contain various words meaning "interpreter translator", for instance, sheren 舌人 (lit. Some related synonyms are tongyi 通譯 "interpret translate", chuanyi 傳譯 "interpret translate", and zhuanyi 轉譯 "translate retranslate". The Modern Standard Chinese word fanyi 翻譯 "translate translation" compounds fan "turn over cross over translate" and yi "translate interpret". It also developed in the context of Chinese literary and intellectual tradition. It is a response to the universals of the experience of translation and to the specifics of the experience of translating from specific source languages into Chinese. It developed through translations of Buddhist scripture into Chinese. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭhinese translation theory was born out of contact with vassal states during the Zhou Dynasty. ( September 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. Help visually impaired people, entertain or educate your kids by creating an audio version from the written content.This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Listen to any written materials in authentic voices while doing something else. Use this service to practice your listening and speaking skills, or master your pronunciation in foreign languages. Replay the text as many times as you wish. Choose the speech rate that works for you. Just type a word or a phrase, or copy-paste any text. The TTS service speaks Chinese Mandarin (female), Chinese Cantonese (female), Chinese Taiwanese (female), Dutch (female), English British (female), English British (male), English American (female), English American (male), French (female), German (female), German (male), Hindi (female), Indonesian (female), Italian (female), Italian (male), Japanese (female), Korean (female), Polish (female), Portuguese Brazilian (female), Russian (female), Russian (female), Spanish European (female), Spanish European (male), Spanish American (female). This natural sounding text to speech service reads out loud anything you like in a variety of languages and dialects in male and female voices. Text to Speech service in a variety of languages, dialects and voices. Use ImTranslator speech-enable service, and get your computer talking to you! This gives the opportunity to practice your listening and speaking skills. The text can be replayed as many times as you wish. To slow down the voice rate, choose the "-" value, to speed up the voice, choose the "+" value. If the voice is too fast for you, you can adjust the voice rate by using the Speed menu. This is great for language students, who need extra practice outside of the classroom. The service gives you the opportunity to practice your listening and speaking skills or master a foreign language. This TTS reader service sounds like you are listening to a real person. ImTranslator extensions for Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Microsoft Edge. The Text-to-Speech engine has been implemented into various online translation and text-to-speech services such as Text to Voice, also known as Text-to-Speech (TTS), is a method of speech synthesis that converts a written text to an audio from the text it reads.
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